A Three-Layer Heterostructured Anode for Fast-Charging LIBs with 30 A g^-1 Current Density and 10 000 Cycle Durability

Amid the growth of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry, high-demand fast-charging LIBs face bottlenecks in current anode materials. This study proposes a multi-in-one organic combination strategy to design the 3D heterostructured anode C@MoSe₂/SnSe₂@CNTO, synthesized via simple high-temperature annealing. Its outer layer is carbon-coated, middle layer is MoSe₂/SnSe₂-doped nanosheets, and inner layer is carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTO) as the skeleton. As a LIB anode, it delivers 1788 mAh g^-1 (500 cycles at 0.5 A g^-1), tolerates 30 A g^-1, and lasts 10 000 cycles. Heterojunctions accelerate electron transfer and alleviate volume expansion; cycling-generated hard carbon and refined nanoparticles boost capacity; charge-discharge-induced ultra-stable SnSe₂ nanoparticles slow fading. At 30 A g^-1, it has initial 530 mAh g^-1 (discharge capacity for the first time after activation), peaks at 920 mAh g^-1, and retains 667 mAh g^-1 (125%) after 10 000 cycles. Encouragingly, in a full cell paired with commercial LiFePO₄, it delivers a stable capacity of 102 mAh g^-1 at 1C over 20 cycles, preliminarily confirming its compatibility with practical battery configurations. This work offers new ideas for designing high-performance, fast-charging LIB anodes with real-world applicability.