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BMS consensus statement: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)
1Consultant in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Department of Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Post Reproductive Health
|July 22, 2026
Summary
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a common, progressive condition from estrogen loss impacting urogenital tissues. Awareness and open discussion are crucial for diagnosis and effective treatment beyond vaginal estrogen therapy.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Urology
- Menopause Management
Background:
- Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a chronic, progressive condition resulting from estrogen deficiency, frequently linked to menopause.
- GSM can negatively affect vulva, vagina, bladder, and urethral tissues, with symptoms often emerging years post-menopause.
- Delayed symptom recognition and reluctance to discuss issues contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of GSM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM).
- To raise awareness about GSM as a "silent epidemic" impacting women's quality of life.
- To inform clinicians about available and emerging treatment options for GSM.
Main Methods:
- Consensus statement development based on current scientific evidence and clinical expertise.
- Review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and impact of estrogen deficiency on urogenital tissues.
- Evaluation of existing and novel therapeutic interventions for GSM.
Main Results:
- GSM affects multiple urogenital tissues, leading to chronic and progressive symptoms.
- Underdiagnosis is prevalent due to delayed symptom onset and patient reluctance to report symptoms.
- While vaginal estrogen therapy is a primary treatment, newer pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are available.
Conclusions:
- Increased awareness and proactive clinical discussion are essential for addressing the "silent epidemic" of GSM.
- Comprehensive management strategies should consider the chronic and progressive nature of GSM.
- A range of treatments, including but not limited to vaginal estrogen, can effectively manage GSM symptoms.
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