Toward Robust Weakly Supervised Text Classification: Weak Supervision Generation and Correlation-Aware Supervision...

Multilabel text classification (MLTC) methods require enormous labeled training samples to ensure the model's performance, which involves significant manual labor costs. An alternative to conducting MLTC is to only employ predefined representative words of classes, namely category words, as the weak supervision. In this article, we propose a novel weakly supervised (WS) learning MLTC framework consisting of two parts. First, we propose a novel category word selection method, namely category word selection with significance ranking and crowd-sourcing (Cws-src), which generates confident category words by manually selecting from the topically reranked words using a new TW-ITF weighting scheme, thereby effectively mitigating the noises in pseudolabels by filtering repetitive and less significant terms for each class, leading to improved classification performance. Subsequently, we propose a generic WS learning MLTC method, namely WS multilabel text classification with correlation-aware label propagation (Wmltc-clp), which estimates accurate pseudolabels by propagating them over a text correlation graph. To evaluate the proposed framework, we conduct extensive experiments on nine benchmark datasets, including five sentiment analysis datasets and four prevalent MLTC datasets. The results demonstrate that Cws-src can generate more confident category words and Wmltc-clp can achieve significant improvements over the WS learning baselines. The maximum performance gains of Wmltc-clp over the best WS learning baseline methods reach 0.096, 0.081, 0.075, and 0.02 on Micro- $F1$ , Macro- $F1$ , average precision (AP), and ranking loss (RL) across all benchmark datasets.