Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): An overview

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Public Health

Background:

• Oral cavity cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), affects approximately 390,000 individuals globally each year.
• OSCC incidence varies geographically, with higher rates in Melanesia and South-Central Asia.
• Despite treatment advancements, 5-year survival for OSCC remains suboptimal at 55-60%.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
• To cover epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OSCC.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data on OSCC.
• Analysis of epidemiological trends and etiological factors.
• Overview of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Main Results:

• Tobacco and alcohol are primary risk factors for OSCC.
• Geographical disparities in OSCC incidence are significant.
• Molecular pathogenesis models are being developed.

Conclusions:

• OSCC presents a persistent global health challenge with limited improvement in mortality rates.
• Understanding risk factors and pathogenesis is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
• Further research into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is warranted.