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Genicular Artery Embolization for Chronic Knee Pain: Expert Consensus Recommendations on Indications, Technique and
A Taheri Amin1,2, J Golzarian3,4, K Abd El Tawab5
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. arian.taheri-amin@charite.de.
Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|July 22, 2026
Summary
Expert consensus provides recommendations for genicular artery embolization (GAE) for knee pain. Key findings cover patient selection, embolization techniques, and follow-up care for improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Interventional Radiology
- Musculoskeletal Medicine
- Vascular Interventions
Background:
- Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is an emerging treatment for chronic knee pain.
- Standardized recommendations are needed to optimize patient selection and procedural techniques.
- Expert consensus can guide the effective application of GAE.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish expert-consensus recommendations for genicular artery embolization (GAE).
- Recommendations cover patient selection, procedural technique, and clinical management.
- The Delphi process was employed to achieve consensus among experts.
Main Methods:
- A 75-statement questionnaire was developed by a working group.
- A panel of 29 musculoskeletal and interventional radiologists participated.
- Three rounds of a 10-point Likert-scale survey were used to reach consensus (≥75% agreement).
Main Results:
- Consensus criteria for GAE include knee pain refractory to conservative treatment for ≥3 months and recurrent hemarthrosis.
- Ipsilateral antegrade transfemoral access is recommended for embolizing visible genicular arteries with hypervascular blush.
- No superiority of temporary vs. permanent embolic agents was demonstrated; structured follow-up is advised.
Conclusions:
- Expert consensus provides a framework for genicular artery embolization (GAE).
- Recommendations emphasize broad indications, tailored techniques, and multidisciplinary care.
- This study supports the role of interventional radiologists in managing knee pain with GAE.
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