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Published on: March 10, 2020
Campylobacter spp Bloodstream Infections in Immunocompetent vs Immunodeficient Patients: A Multinational Cohort Study
María Paniagua-García1,2, José Manuel Bernal-Aznar1, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas3
1Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Campylobacter bloodstream infections present unique challenges in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with humoral immunodeficiency. Relapse and antimicrobial resistance are significant concerns, necessitating further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Campylobacter spp. bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an increasing clinical concern.
- Limited data exists on the clinical features of BSIs in immunocompetent versus immunodeficient patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the differential clinical characteristics and outcomes of Campylobacter BSIs.
- To compare outcomes between immunocompetent (IC) and immunodeficient (ID) patient groups.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter, multinational, retrospective cohort study of Campylobacter BSIs (2009-2024).
- Analysis of demographics, comorbidities, immunodeficiency types, clinical features, and antimicrobial susceptibility.
- Primary outcomes included relapse/reinfection and all-cause mortality.
Main Results:
- 261 BSI episodes were analyzed: 89 in IC and 172 in ID patients.
- Humoral-ID patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and higher rates of previous Campylobacter infection.
- High resistance rates to fluoroquinolones (75%) and macrolides (14.5%) were observed. Relapse/reinfection was common in humoral-ID patients, especially those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).
Conclusions:
- Humoral-ID patients with Campylobacter BSI were younger with fewer comorbidities; Campylobacter coli was the most frequent species.
- Relapse or reinfection was frequent in humoral-ID patients, particularly those with PIDs.
- Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni is a significant clinical concern.
