Autistic Parents' Experiences Accessing Parenting Support: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis of Qualitative...

The experiences of autistic adults accessing parenting-related support remain underexplored, particularly in relation to how formal systems shape access and engagement. This qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis synthesized 12 studies to examine how autistic parents perceive, navigate, and engage with formal parenting supports. Using thematic synthesis, five interrelated themes were identified: (1) judged, dismissed, and misinterpreted as parents; (2) the emotional and practical labor of accessing support; (3) doing it alone: self-reliance, preparation, and emotional cost; (4) service misfit; and (5) when support works: respect, clarity, and autism-informed adaptation. Findings highlight how barriers to parenting support arise through interactions with formal systems, extending prior research on autistic parenting and underscoring the need for rights-based, neurodiversity-affirming, and parent-centric approaches to parenting support, including autism-specific training, co-designed services, and accommodations that reduce burden and foster safe, collaborative partnerships with autistic parents.Lay AbstractMany autistic adults are parents, but their experiences getting help with parenting are not well understood. Most parenting programs and services were designed with non-autistic (neurotypical) parents in mind. This can make support feel confusing, overwhelming, or even unsafe for autistic parents, especially when services do not consider sensory needs, communication preferences, or fears about being judged. In this study, we brought together findings from 12 qualitative research articles that shared the voices of autistic parents. We read the parents' own words and the original authors' descriptions, then used a structured approach to identify patterns across the studies. We identified five main ideas. First, many autistic parents felt judged or misunderstood by professionals, who sometimes questioned their parenting ability because of their autism. Second, parents often had to spend a lot of time and energy explaining their needs, pushing for help, and navigating complicated systems. Third, when support was not available, or they did not feel safe, parents often "did it alone," researching and problem-solving by themselves, sometimes at the cost of their own well-being and family enjoyment. Fourth, services often did not fit the needs of autistic parents. Finally, parents also described what good support looks like: clear and honest communication, respect for their expertise, practical help, and professionals who understand autism. Overall, this review shows that systems need to change, not autistic parents. Services should be designed with autistic parents, not just for them, and should recognize parenting as an important and meaningful part of autistic adults' lives.