The Rh blood group system: RHCE update

Area of Science:

• Immunohematology
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The Rh blood group system is crucial in transfusion medicine.
• Previous reviews covered the broader Rh system, but a focused update on RHCE variants is needed.
• Advances in DNA-based testing have increased the identification of red blood cell antigen variations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of the RHCE gene and its variants.
• To report newly identified Rh antigens (RH60-RH63) and allele classifications.
• To discuss challenges and clinical considerations related to RHCE allele diversity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent publications on the RHCE gene.
• Analysis of reported Rh antigens and their genetic basis.
• Discussion of allele nomenclature and classification changes.

Main Results:

• Four new antigens (PARG, CEVF, CEWA, CETW) have been identified (RH60-RH63).
• The RHCE*cEMI allele classification was amended from null to weak expression.
• Cross-reactive, hybrid, and common haplotypes involving RHCE and RHD alleles were discussed.

Conclusions:

• The discovery of numerous RHCE alleles highlights the impact of DNA-based testing in immunohematology.
• Understanding RHCE variants is essential for accurate blood typing and transfusion practices.
• The Rh blood group system continues to be an area of active research and clinical significance.