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First Vel-null alloimmunized blood donor identified in Uruguay
Martin Tucuna1, Ma Antonieta Nuñez2, Fernando Pontigo2
11Servicio Nacional de Sangre, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Immunohematology
|July 23, 2026
Summary
A first-time blood donor was found to have the rare Vel-null blood type due to a genetic mutation. This led to the identification of an anti-Vel antibody, a significant finding in blood transfusion compatibility.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Blood group antigens are crucial for transfusion compatibility.
- The Vel antigen system is rare and complex.
- Alloimmunization can occur in individuals lacking specific blood group antigens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first case of a Vel-null alloimmunized donor in Uruguay.
- To characterize the serologic, molecular, and functional aspects of an anti-Vel antibody.
- To highlight the importance of identifying rare blood types for transfusion safety.
Main Methods:
- Routine antibody screening using gel-indirect antiglobulin test and conventional tube low-ionic-strength saline-indirect antiglobulin test.
- Molecular analysis of the SMIM1 gene to confirm the Vel-null phenotype.
- Antibody identification and characterization.
Main Results:
- A 52-year-old blood donor presented with panreactivity.
- Homozygous 17-base pair deletion in SMIM1 confirmed Vel-null phenotype (VEL*01N.01/VEL*01N.01).
- An anti-Vel IgG3 antibody was identified, reacting exclusively in the anti-human globulin phase.
Conclusions:
- This is the first documented case of a Vel-null alloimmunized donor in Uruguay.
- The identified anti-Vel antibody requires careful consideration in transfusion practices.
- Accurate identification of rare blood types is essential for preventing transfusion reactions.
