The technical utilization solutions for curtailment during China's rapid expansion of wind and PV power

With the continued rapid growth of installed capacity for wind and PV power in China, the challenge of wind and PV power curtailment has become increasingly pressing. This study quantifies the spatiotemporal distributions and evolving trends of wind and PV curtailment for 31 provinces in China. The ridge regression-based model is developed to forecast provincial consumption capacities for 2030 and 2035. Using technology readiness level, levelized cost of utilization, and life cycle carbon emission, four power utilization technologies are evaluated. Building on this assessment, and subject to engineering, economic, and policy constraints, the mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize total utilization cost. This model identifies the optimal combination of the five utilization pathways for provinces with high projected curtailment in 2030 and 2035. The findings of this paper can provide decision-making references for selecting technical solutions and formulating policies to promote the utilization of wind and PV power.