Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
08:33
A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
Published on: September 4, 2019
That's a wrap: Longitudinal exam reflections for pharmacy student self-awareness
Catherine Eichler Short1, Emily Frederick1, Sarah Raake1
1College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Sullivan University, 2100 Gardiner Ln, Louisville, KY 40205, United States of America.
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning
|July 23, 2026
Summary
Exam wrappers enhance pharmacy students' metacognitive skills, improving self-awareness and aligning confidence with actual exam performance. This longitudinal study demonstrates the value of reflective tools in academic assessment.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Metacognition
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Exam wrappers are metacognitive tools aiding student reflection on assessment.
- This study investigates their longitudinal impact on pharmacy students.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore changes in pharmacy students' self-awareness, confidence, and exam performance.
- To assess the utility of exam wrappers in a course sequence.
Main Methods:
- Pharmacy students used exam wrappers (surveys) throughout a pharmacotherapeutics course.
- Surveys included score prediction, study time, and topic confidence reflection.
- Correlational analyses examined predicted vs. actual scores and confidence rankings.
Main Results:
- Student predictions of exam scores showed minimal pre-exam to post-exam difference but correlated positively with actual scores (r=0.564-0.826).
- Students' confidence in exam topics aligned with their actual performance in those areas.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacy students' self-awareness of knowledge aligns with their performance.
- Exam wrappers provide faculty insight into student self-awareness and performance anticipation.
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