Phytochemicals as Natural Therapeutics Against Helicobacter pylori: A Comprehensive Review

Helicobacter pylori is considered as a high-priority pathogen by World Health Organization which causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. The organism uses several methods to establish its disease-causing ability through urease production CagA protein synthesis biofilm development and ongoing gastric tissue damage. The rising rates of antibiotic resistance have decreased the success rate of standard treatment methods that use proton pump inhibitors and other eradication protocols. The plant-based compounds provide immunomodulatory properties together with gastro-protective benefits which will help improve treatment results while reducing the risks that come with antibiotic resistance. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants have developed into effective natural treatments against H. pylori because they contain various mechanisms to combat the bacteria. To achieve a review study, academic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to cover all the available literature. The anti-H. pylori activity of compounds from Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, and Camellia sinensis stems from their ability to block bacterial attachment while they impede biofilm development and decrease the production of pathogenic factors and their effects on host immune systems. The overview presents scientific evidence which shows that phytochemicals have therapeutic value because they serve as natural treatments that help fight antibiotic resistance while improving H. pylori treatment methods.