Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Quantification of the Potential Impact of Glyphosate-Based Products on Microbiomes
Published on: January 10, 2022
6PPD and 6PPD-Q driven phytotoxicity in Eichhornia crassipes: From molecular damages to ecological potential
Yichen Ge1, Weitao Liu1, Xiang Li1
1MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Abstract:
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derivative 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) are emerging concerns due to their widespread occurrence and poorly understood ecological effects. This study reveals the multifaceted toxicity mechanisms of these compounds in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) through an integrated physiological-multi-omics approach. We demonstrate that 6PPD-Q triggers severe oxidative stress and photosynthetic impairment, reducing the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) by 22.58 % at 20 μg/L. While plants activated defense responses through phytohormone reprogramming (notably 19.62 %-20.98 % jasmonic acid elevation) and recruited stress-mitigating microorganisms through altered root exudates. The enhanced plant-microbe interactions failed to prevent a 21.62 %-24.62 % reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal capacity, revealing a critical trade-off between stress adaptation and ecosystem function. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into contaminant-induced phytotoxicity and highlight the hidden risks of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q to aquatic phytoremediation systems.
