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Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using
Lorrana Luysse Dos Anjos Assis1, Fernando Korn Malerbi2, Rosiane Chiaroti1
1Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil.
Health Care Science
|July 25, 2026
Summary
Diabetic retinopathy affects 28.3% of insulin-taking individuals in Brazil's primary care. Many are unaware of their diagnosis, highlighting the need for better diabetes and eye health education.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Diabetology
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in working-age adults.
- Diabetes complications, including retinopathy, pose a significant public health challenge.
- Primary healthcare plays a crucial role in managing chronic conditions like diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy.
- To assess diabetic retinopathy in individuals using insulin within primary healthcare settings.
- To investigate the awareness and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 152 participants.
- Data collection through interviews, lab exams, and smartphone-based fundoscopy.
- Deep learning algorithms used for automated retinal image analysis.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 28.3%.
- Mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the most common form (65.1%).
- A significant portion of participants showed discrepancies between self-reported and diagnosed diabetic retinopathy.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence aligns with national estimates.
- There is a concerning lack of knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and management.
- Enhanced primary healthcare programs are vital for integrated diabetes and ocular health care.
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