[Trends in dietary structure and patterns in urban and rural residents in Guangdong Province, 2002-2022]

Objective: To analyze the patterns of dietary structure and nutritional status of urban and rural residents in Guangdong Province from 2002 to 2022, and provide evidence for the development of targeted nutritional intervention strategies. Methods: Data from three rounds of Guangdong Provincial Residents' Nutrition and Health Survey (2002, 2009-2012, and 2022) collected from multistage cluster random sampling were used. Dietary surveys were conducted by using 3-day 24-hour recall method combined with household seasoning weighing. After sampling and post-stratification weighting, the trends in food consumption, nutrient intake, and macronutrient energy contribution ratios were analyzed. Results: The study included 7 726, 5 073, and 4 073 participants in 2002, 2009-2012, and 2022, respectively. Compared with 2002, the average daily intakes of vegetables, animal-based foods, and dairy products increased by 39.8 g, 96.4 g, and 21.6 g, respectively in 2022. The daily average grains intake decreased by 93.2 g, and the fruits intake also showed a downward trend (all P<0.001). The daily standardized protein and fat intakes significantly increased from 79.6 g to 83.0 g and from 82.1 g to 98.4 g respectively. The dietary structure had a marked change: the fat energy contribution increased from 32.1% to 44.2%, animal source protein accounted for 73.7% of protein intake, and animal fat provided 55.7% of total energy. The intakes of calcium, thiamine and riboflavin remained at relatively low levels. Conclusions: From 2002 to 2022, the dietary structure of residents in Guangdong had a profound change from traditional pattern to "high-fat, high-protein, low-carbohydrate" pattern, highlighting the typical dietary transformation characteristics in area with rapid economy development. Despite adequate energy and protein intakes, severe macronutrient imbalances coexist with insufficient calcium and B-vitamin intakes, presenting new challenges for chronic disease prevention and control.