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Modulation of TP53 Expression by Cosmos caudatus (Ulam raja) in OSCC Cell Lines

Kelvin Sin-Hou Liaw1, Sook-Luan Ng2, Alida Mahyuddin1

  • 1Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cosmos caudatus extract shows promise in fighting oral cancer by reducing cancer cell viability. It also affects key gene expressions, suggesting potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Research

Background:

  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent head and neck cancer with poor survival rates.
  • Existing treatments for OSCC have limited efficacy, necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Natural compounds are being investigated as potential anticancer agents due to their diverse bioactivities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cytotoxic effects of Cosmos caudatus (CC) extract on an OSCC cell line.
  • To analyze the impact of CC extract on the expression of TP53/p53 and CD44 in OSCC cells.
  • To evaluate the potential of CC as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • OSCC cells were treated with varying concentrations of CC extract.
  • Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay.
  • TP53/p53 and CD44 gene and protein expression levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunocytochemistry.

Main Results:

  • CC extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against OSCC cells with an IC50 of 58 mg/mL.
  • Treatment with CC extract led to significant downregulation of TP53/p53 at both mRNA and protein levels.
  • CC extract increased CD44 mRNA expression but decreased its protein levels in OSCC cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmos caudatus extract demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects on OSCC cells in vitro.
  • CC extract influences the expression of key cancer-related genes (TP53/p53 and CD44).
  • CC holds potential as a plant-derived adjunctive therapeutic agent for OSCC, warranting further investigation.
Keywords:
CD44Cosmos caudatusTP53/p53cytotoxicityoral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

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