Recent Advances in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Heavy Metal Ion Detection: A Review

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science
• Materials Science

Background:

• Heavy metal ion pollution is a significant global environmental and health concern.
• Traditional detection methods are often complex, costly, and unsuitable for rapid, on-site analysis.
• Microfluidic technology, particularly paper-based platforms, presents an innovative solution for sensitive and accessible detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances (2015-2025) in paper-based microfluidic systems for heavy metal ion detection.
• To analyze various detection strategies and their applications across diverse sample types.
• To highlight the role of nanomaterials and selective elements in enhancing detection performance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of paper-based microfluidic systems for heavy metal ion detection from 2015-2025.
• Analysis of colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical detection methods.
• Examination of applications in detecting pollutants in air, water, soil, food, and consumer products.

Main Results:

• Paper-based microfluidic systems have shown significant progress in detecting heavy metal ions in diverse matrices.
• Detection strategies utilizing nanomaterials and selective recognition elements demonstrate improved sensitivity and specificity.
• The reviewed systems offer portable, low-cost, and user-friendly alternatives to traditional laboratory methods.

Conclusions:

• Paper-based microfluidic technology is a powerful tool for the rapid, on-site detection of heavy metal ion pollutants.
• These platforms are particularly valuable for environmental and public health monitoring in resource-limited settings.
• Continued development promises enhanced capabilities for addressing global pollution challenges.