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Novel Metformin-Containing Antibacterial Composite for Root Caries Restorations
Ayman Altamimi1,2,3, Ibrahim Ba-Armah4, Heba Alqarni1,2,5
1Dental Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
A new metformin-infused dental composite shows strong antibacterial action against root caries and supports periodontal tissue healing. This material offers improved mechanical strength and cytocompatibility for advanced dental restorations.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Materials Science
- Regenerative Dentistry
Background:
- Tooth root caries and periodontal tissue loss are significant issues in elderly and compromised patients.
- Current dental composites lack antibacterial and regenerative capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- Develop a novel metformin-containing antibacterial composite for root caries restorations.
- Aim to prevent recurrent caries and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Experimental composites incorporated 5% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and varying metformin concentrations (2.5-15%) with glass fillers.
- Evaluated mechanical properties, antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans, and cytocompatibility with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).
Main Results:
- Composites exhibited flexural strengths significantly higher than commercial controls (67.9-50.1 MPa vs. 41.3 MPa).
- Achieved an 8-log reduction in S. mutans biofilms and reduced lactic acid production.
- The 15% metformin composite showed acceptable cytocompatibility with hPDLSCs.
Conclusions:
- The novel composite demonstrates potent antibacterial activity and adequate mechanical properties.
- Possesses acceptable cytocompatibility, making it a promising candidate for multifunctional root caries restorations.
