Eucalyptus globulus: From Botanical Identity to Cross-Disciplinary Preclinical Relevance in Dentistry, Medicine, and Nanotechnology

Eucalyptus globulus is a widely cultivated medicinal species of recognized phytochemical richness and broad preclinical relevance across multiple biological and formulation-oriented application domains. This review aimed to integrate the available evidence on the botanical identity, phytochemical profile, preclinical biomedical relevance, and translational considerations within a single structured framework. A bibliometric-assisted narrative review approach was applied, based on targeted literature retrieval from scientific platforms (e.g., PubMed, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Google Scholar), complemented by keyword co-occurrence analysis and qualitative narrative synthesis. The reviewed literature indicates that E. globulus is characterized by a 1,8-cineole-rich essential oil together with non-volatile phenolic, flavonoid, and related secondary metabolites that support a wide range of reported biological activities. The strongest preclinical evidence concerns antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects in oral-health-related models, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, respiratory relevance, wound-healing support, selected cytotoxicity-related effects, and emerging nano-enabled delivery systems. Overall, E. globulus represents a promising multifunctional species with substantial preclinical potential; however, direct clinical evidence remains limited, and future progress will depend on better phytochemical standardization, mechanistic clarification, and well-designed translational studies.