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Teaching stool form recognition in primary school: multimedia versus paper-based instruction using the Bristol stool
Chia-Jen Lee1,2, Yung-Jen Yang3, Ying-Jyun Shih4
1Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Frontiers in Public Health
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Primary school students effectively recognized stool forms using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) after simple instruction. Both multimedia and paper-based methods proved equally effective for bowel health education.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Health Education
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Recognizing stool forms is crucial for children's bowel health and constipation awareness.
- The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) is a key tool for assessing stool consistency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate primary school students' ability to identify stool forms using the BSFS.
- To compare the effectiveness of multimedia versus paper-based instruction for stool form recognition.
Main Methods:
- A quasi-experimental study involving 190 students in grades 3-6.
- Students received either multimedia or paper-based instruction on the BSFS.
- A 10-item stool-form identification test with weighted scoring was administered.
Main Results:
- Students demonstrated high stool-form recognition levels (mean weighted score ~8.8/10).
- No significant difference in recognition accuracy was found between multimedia and paper-based groups (p=0.165).
- Lower accuracy was noted for constipation-related and mixed stool types.
Conclusions:
- Brief, structured instruction effectively improved stool form recognition in primary students.
- Both multimedia and paper-based teaching methods are feasible for school-based health education.
- Further focus may be needed on recognizing specific challenging stool types.
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