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Understanding Determinants of Routine Data Use by the Levels of Health System in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A
Bigten Kikoba1,2, Masoud Mahundi1, Wilfred Senyoni1
1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Summary
Routine health data use in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. Strengthening health information systems requires tailored interventions for human resources, tools, and governance across all health system levels.
Area of Science:
- Health Systems Research
- Public Health Informatics
- Data Science in Healthcare
Background:
- Limited utilization of routine health data for actionable insights in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs).
- Fragmented health systems hinder the effectiveness of routine health information systems.
- Ongoing initiatives aim to bolster data use but face systemic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key enablers for routine health data utilization in LMICs.
- To examine institutionalization gaps in data use practices across health system levels.
- To provide evidence for targeted interventions to improve healthcare outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review of literature from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, PLOS, and Google Scholar (2019-2023).
- Screening of 380 articles by three independent reviewers using Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA frameworks.
- Classification of findings across facility, district, and national health system levels.
Main Results:
- Factors influencing data use differ across health system levels: human resource capacity and user-friendly tools at the facility level; analytical capacity and governance at district/national levels.
- Capacity building in health information systems, IT infrastructure, and supervision are critical across all levels.
- 41 articles were included, with 48.8% focusing on the health facility level.
Conclusions:
- Tailored interventions are needed to institutionalize routine data use practices effectively.
- Addressing specific enablers at each health system level is crucial for enhancing data utilization.
- Strengthening health information systems is vital for improving healthcare outcomes in LMICs.
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