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Yellow Palm Discoloration After Phenol Exposure
Makoto Kondo1,2, Hanae Fujita2, Koji Habe1
1Department of Dermatology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan.
Clinical Case Reports
|July 29, 2026
Summary
Phenol exposure can cause skin discoloration and a rare distant rash known as an id reaction. Prompt occupational history and avoiding exposure are key for diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Phenol exposure commonly results in irritant contact dermatitis.
- A characteristic sign of phenol exposure is yellow-brown skin discoloration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of an id reaction following phenol exposure.
- To emphasize the diagnostic significance of skin discoloration in occupational exposures.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a worker with phenol exposure.
- Clinical observation of skin manifestations and treatment response.
Main Results:
- The worker presented with yellow-brown skin discoloration.
- Rapidly evolving distant eruptions, consistent with an id reaction, developed post-exposure.
- Symptoms resolved with conservative management and cessation of phenol exposure.
Conclusions:
- Yellow-brown discoloration is a crucial diagnostic indicator of phenol exposure.
- Early occupational history-taking is vital for managing such cases.
- This presentation underscores the importance of recognizing id reactions in occupational dermatology.
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01:17Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
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Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.