Genetic variability in fruit-to-bean conversion efficiency among Coffea canephora genotypes

Area of Science:

• Agronomy and Crop Science
• Plant Genetics and Breeding
• Horticultural Science

Background:

• Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee) is crucial for global coffee supply.
• Climate change necessitates cultivation in new regions, requiring performance evaluation.
• Understanding genotype adaptation is key for maintaining productivity and processing efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess genetic variability and performance of Coffea canephora genotypes in a new Brazilian growing region.
• To identify genotypes with enhanced fruit-to-bean conversion efficiency and yield potential.
• To provide data supporting breeding programs and regional cultivation strategies.

Main Methods:

• Evaluation of 44 Coffea canephora genotypes in eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil.
• Measurement of traits including ripe fruit mass to dry bean mass ratio (RFM/DBM), ripe fruit volume to ripe fruit mass ratio (RFV/RFM), grain and husk percentages, and yield.
• Statistical analysis including hierarchical clustering and mean comparisons.

Main Results:

• Significant genetic variability detected with moderate to high heritability (48-59%).
• Four distinct genotype efficiency groups identified through clustering.
• Superior genotypes (e.g., LMG 11, LMG 01) exhibited reduced fruit biomass requirements, higher fruit density, and greater grain proportion, with bean mass percentages from 48-61%.

Conclusions:

• Exploitable genetic variability exists within Coffea canephora for improved traits.
• Identified genotypes offer potential for enhanced processing efficiency and yield.
• Results provide valuable parameters for breeding, regional adaptation, and processing strategies.