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Prompted Voiding Utilising Toilet Alarms and Individual Toileting Plans for Adults With an Intellectual Disability
Janet Finlayson1, Nick Gore2, Dawn A Skelton1
1School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|July 29, 2026
Summary
A 12-week prompted toileting program using alarms and individual plans proved feasible for adults with intellectual disabilities experiencing urinary incontinence. Most participants adhered to and intended to continue the program.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare for intellectual disabilities
- Continence promotion strategies
- Behavioral interventions in disability
Background:
- Urinary incontinence is prevalent in adults with intellectual disabilities.
- Limited effective continence interventions exist for this population.
- This study addresses the need for feasible toileting support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the feasibility of a prompted voiding toileting intervention.
- To evaluate adherence and continuation intentions for the intervention.
- To explore the utility of alarms and personalized plans.
Main Methods:
- A 12-week feasibility study involving 17 adults with intellectual disabilities and incontinence.
- Implementation of a prompted voiding program with wrist-worn toilet alarms.
- Development of individual toileting plans to guide regular toilet visits.
Main Results:
- High adherence: 77% followed their toileting plan for 12 weeks.
- Strong continuation intention: 88% planned to continue post-study.
- The intervention was well-received by the majority of participants.
Conclusions:
- Prompted toilet visits are a feasible intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities.
- Individualized plans and personal goal-setting enhance intervention success.
- This approach offers a promising strategy for improving continence in this population.
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