Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Published on: January 7, 2018
Beyond Glycemia in T1D: The Hidden Burden of Insulin Resistance and Cardiorenal Risk in Type 1 Diabetes-Part 1
Jairo A Pinzon Cortes1, Phoom Narongkiatikhun2, Coco M Fuhri Snethlage3
1Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Department, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract:
Insulin resistance (IR) is an underrecognized feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D), present even in lean individuals. Rising obesity rates have further amplified this burden, creating a mixed metabolic phenotype that accelerates cardiorenal disease. Paradoxically, despite fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors, individuals with T1D experience higher rates of cardiorenal complications than those with type 2 diabetes, a gap not fully explained by glycemic control. This article examines the epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and mechanistic underpinnings of this hidden cardiorenal risk, including key drivers of end-organ damage. Broader therapeutic interventions targeting IR in T1D are essential to prevent future cardiorenal disease.
Related Concept Videos
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction