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Learning ophthalmic anatomy with AI-generated visual resource: the moderating role of educational background
Yifan Luo1, Taowei Ge2, Xianglin Luo3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in Medicine
|July 30, 2026
Summary
Generative AI-assisted learning in ophthalmology anatomy improved student satisfaction and self-perceived performance for non-medical students. This AI approach did not significantly impact immediate knowledge scores but offers a novel tool for comparative learning.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology Education
- Medical Education Technology
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Background:
- Declining ophthalmology teaching hours necessitate innovative instructional tools.
- Generative AI, despite structural deviations, can be used for comparative learning.
- This study compares AI-assisted exercises with traditional methods in ophthalmology anatomy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of AI-assisted comparative exercises versus conventional anatomical labeling on knowledge acquisition.
- To assess learner satisfaction with AI-assisted versus conventional methods.
- To measure the cognitive workload associated with AI-assisted versus conventional learning.
Main Methods:
- A quasi-experimental 2x2 study involved 121 sophomores in Shanghai.
- Participants received a lecture, then completed either a diagram-labeling task or an AI-assisted exercise using AI-generated variants.
- Outcomes included knowledge tests, satisfaction surveys, and the NASA Task Load Index.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in post-test knowledge scores between AI and conventional methods.
- Non-medical students showed higher satisfaction and self-assessed performance with the AI exercise (p < 0.001).
- Cognitive workload (NASA-TLX) did not differ between groups; benefits were not seen in medical students.
Conclusions:
- AI-assisted comparative exercises show potential as adjuncts for novice ophthalmic anatomy learning.
- Curated AI-generated anatomical variants can enhance learning experiences for specific student groups.
- While not improving immediate knowledge, AI tools can boost satisfaction and self-assessment without increasing workload.