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Exploring Veteran cultural competency in Canadian health care services
Linna Tam-Seto1, Ashley Williams2, Heidi Cramm3
1Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health
|July 31, 2026
Summary
This study identified key cultural competencies for health care providers to better support Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Veterans transitioning to civilian life. Enhanced provider awareness and skills improve Veteran healthcare experiences.
Area of Science:
- Military Health
- Health Services Research
- Cultural Competency in Healthcare
Background:
- Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Veterans transition from military to civilian healthcare annually.
- Awareness of military culture among civilian providers improves healthcare quality for Veterans.
- There is a need to identify specific cultural competencies for effective Veteran care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify Veteran cultural competencies.
- To enhance support for Veterans transitioning to civilian healthcare services.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative study using critical incident technique (CIT).
- Individual interviews conducted with Regular Force Veterans and healthcare professionals.
- Framework analysis used for data interpretation.
Main Results:
- Eight interviews completed (5 Veterans, 2 physicians, 1 occupational therapist).
- A framework of cultural competencies was developed across four domains: awareness, sensitivity, knowledge, and skills.
- Specific competencies were identified within each domain.
Conclusions:
- Military cultural competencies specific to Canadian Veterans' healthcare experiences were identified.
- Findings can inform clinical reference guides for healthcare providers working with Veterans.
- Resources can be developed to aid Veterans in accessing civilian healthcare.
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