Salt Taste Perception and Salt Intake in Adults With and Without Coronary Heart Disease: Interactions With Body Mass
Rosario B Jaime-Lara1, Stephanie R Burrison, Nancy Greene
1Rosario B. Jaime-Lara, PhD, Assistant Professor, UCLA School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles; Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Stephanie R. Burrison, MSN, Supervisory Nurse Research Specialist, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Office of Research Support and Compliance, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Nancy Greene, MS, DrOT, OTR/L, Adjunct Faculty, Research Technician, College of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Meaghan Steck, MS, Postbac Fellow, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Rosangele Hall, BS, Postbac Fellow, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Chiquita West, BSN, Research Nurse, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Joshua M. Levy, MD, MPH, MS, Clinical Director of NIDCD and Co-Director of the National Smell and Taste Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Smell and Taste Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Kathleen E. Bainbridge, PhD, Epidemiologist, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Paule V. Joseph, MBA, MS, FNP-BC, Senior Investigator and Co-Director of the National Smell and Taste Center, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Smell and Taste Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Background:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. While management guidelines recommend reducing dietary sodium/salt intake, salt taste can enhance food flavor and quality of life, making adherence to dietary recommendations challenging.
Objective:
In this study, we aimed to explore differences in salt taste perception between adults with CHD and those without CHD and whether these differences interact with sex and body mass index (BMI).
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the associations of CHD with sodium intake and salt taste intensity using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 data. General linear model analyses were conducted by regressing sodium intake or salt tastant concentration on CHD, controlling for sex and BMI.
Results:
Of the 4094 participants, 50.2% females with a mean age of 45.8 (standard deviation = 17.7). Individuals with CHD reported a higher intensity of dietary salt perception via the Tongue Tip Test: 1 M NaCl generalized Label Magnitude Scale (mean = 31.73, standard error = 2.71) compared with those without CHD (mean = 24.65; standard error = 0.51), P = .04. When stratifying by sex and BMI, there was a significant difference between individuals with and without CHD.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that individuals with CHD exhibit distinct salt taste perception, with notable sex and BMI differences. Our study underscores the importance of incorporating sensory science into dietary counseling and developing tailored interventions to individual taste profiles to enhance dietary adherence and overall well-being.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:28Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
01:30Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
01:29Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...