Active binary sub-pixel modulation of a three-phase macropixel complex spatial light modulator for extending the...

A complex spatial light modulator (SLM) based on three-phase covalent macropixels (3PCMPs) enables the generation of three-dimensional computer-generated holograms with inherent suppression of DC and conjugate noise. However, the noise-suppressed complex-field synthesis remains confined to the central viewing zone (VZ), imposing a fundamental limitation on the effective eye-box. We present a design of zone-switching 3PCMP SLM architecture that relocates the domain of noise-suppressed complex-field synthesis across a 3 × 3 array of addressable VZs in a pupil-tracked manner. The proposed scheme integrates a static six-level phase plate with active binary sub-pixel modulation to steer the complex signal toward the selected VZ while preserving suppression of DC and conjugate terms. Wave-optics simulations confirm effective zone switching of the complex signal and show substantially improved holographic image quality across higher-order VZs, enabling a 3 × 3 extension of the effective viewing zone. These results support the feasibility of extending the effective eye-box in complex holographic displays.