Pulse-duration scaling of ultrafast laser-induced damage threshold in hybrid gratings

High damage threshold gratings are in demand worldwide as critical components for next-generation ultrahigh-intensity lasers. Here, we investigate the pulse-duration dependence of ultrafast laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) in hybrid multilayer dielectric gratings, touted to combine superior performance properties of both metallic and multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings, using a dynamic finite-difference time-domain model incorporated with linear and non-linear absorption models. Simulations agree with reported experimental LIDT values for three representative designs and predict scaling exponents that vary with pulse durations ranging from 10 to 500 fs. The results reveal strong dependence on both material bandgap and grating field distribution, providing guidance for designing high LIDT gratings.