Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
11:28
A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials
Published on: May 18, 2015
Multiscale thermo-mechanical coupling in chip systems: a review
Le Li1, Weikun Huang2, Shihan Yan3
1School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Summary
Thermal management is crucial for chip reliability due to coupled heat and mechanical stress. Understanding multiscale thermomechanical interactions enables predictive thermal management for advanced chip systems.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Semiconductor Physics
Background:
- Increasing chip power density and integration necessitate advanced thermal management.
- Thermal management is intrinsically linked to mechanical reliability in modern chip systems.
- Multiscale thermomechanical coupling affects heat transport, structural integrity, and damage accumulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review progress in understanding multiscale thermomechanical coupling in chip systems.
- To outline factors influencing thermal transport and stress localization.
- To summarize strategies for thermal management and reliability enhancement.
Main Methods:
- Review of atomistic lattice dynamics and system-level heat-flow interactions.
- Analysis of microstructural heterogeneity, interfaces, and architectural complexity.
- Examination of degradation mechanisms and regulation strategies.
Main Results:
- Atom-level properties, microstructures, and system architecture significantly impact thermal transport and reliability.
- High-temperature operation induces coupled degradation phenomena like creep and delamination.
- Defect engineering, interface optimization, and advanced cooling are key regulation strategies.
Conclusions:
- Multiscale thermomechanical coupling is a critical consideration for next-generation chip systems.
- AI-assisted approaches show promise for materials screening, thermal prediction, and inverse design.
- Addressing key challenges is essential for predictive thermal management.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
01:27Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
01:19Mechanism of heat transfer
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
01:06Thermodynamic Systems
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...