Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
12:11
Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
Published on: February 27, 2020
Characterization of Post-translational Modification in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: Acetylation,
Kuan Li1, Yundong Li1, Yuqing Zhang1
1Hepatobiliary surgery, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University,the First Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Beijing Rd, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PRC.
Journal of Lipid Research
|July 31, 2026
Summary
This study reveals widespread post-translational modification (PTM) changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Key proteins like CMKLR1, CYP2E1, GLRX, and XRCC1 are identified as crucial targets for MASH intervention.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Hepatology
Background:
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) involves complex pathological processes.
- Abnormalities in post-translational modifications (PTMs) are implicated in MASH progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize PTM features (acetylation, lactylation, phosphorylation) in MASH.
- To identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for MASH.
Main Methods:
- Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze protein and modification profiles.
- Comparative analysis of liver tissues from normal and MASH patients.
- Identification of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially modified proteins (DMPs).
Main Results:
- Acetylation and lactylation primarily occurred at lysine (K) residues, while phosphorylation occurred at serine (S) and threonine (T) residues.
- Proteomics identified numerous DEPs/DMPs regulating cytoskeleton, immunity, metabolism, and inflammatory pathways.
- CMKLR1, CYP2E1, GLRX, and XRCC1 were identified as key regulators with dysregulated expression in MASH.
Conclusions:
- This study systematically reveals global PTM dysregulation in MASH.
- Highlights CMKLR1, CYP2E1, GLRX, and XRCC1 as critical proteins and modification sites.
- Provides new perspectives for targeted interventions in MASH.
Related Concept Videos
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
01:24Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
01:02Phosphorylation
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
01:02Phosphorylation
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...