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A Unified Framework for Telehealth Encounters: Literature Review and Taxonomy Development
Kovida S Yalamanchi1, Elizabeth Moreton2, Suguna Kotte2
1School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Telemedicine Reports
|August 1, 2026
Summary
A new telehealth taxonomy standardizes data capture for improved research and decision-making. This framework enhances telehealth infrastructure, supporting better clinical care and policy development.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Digital Health
- Telemedicine Research
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated telehealth adoption, outstripping standardized data capture methods.
- Fragmented documentation and limited research infrastructure hinder telehealth's potential.
- A comprehensive telehealth taxonomy is needed for improved data, utilization evaluation, and decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a comprehensive telehealth taxonomy to inform a data repository.
- To establish a standardized framework for telehealth data capture and research.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a scoping literature review to identify essential taxonomy characteristics.
- Developed a hybrid hierarchical mind map taxonomy integrating reviewed concepts and expert feedback.
- Iteratively revised and finalized the taxonomy with domain expert approval.
Main Results:
- Included 10 articles in the scoping review.
- Developed a taxonomy with 14 core variables covering previsit, during-visit, and postvisit telehealth encounters.
- The taxonomy incorporates synchronous/asynchronous modalities, user perspectives, functionality, and payment considerations, aligning with EHR data fields for interoperability.
Conclusions:
- The unified framework provides a scalable, interoperable foundation for telehealth data repositories.
- This taxonomy addresses gaps in telehealth research, enhancing data infrastructure.
- It supports advancements in telehealth research, clinical care, and data-informed policy development.
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