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Determinants of Under-five Mortality in Vietnam: Evidence From a Nationwide Survey
Ly Cong Tran1, Phuong Minh Nguyen1, Mai Anh Minh Truong1
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.
Objective:
To examine biological, maternal, and socio-cognitive determinants of under-five mortality in Vietnam using nationally representative data.
Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed data from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2020-2021, including 4,475 children under five. Bayesian Model Averaging reduced redundancy among correlated predictors and addressed model uncertainty before multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors.
Results:
Multiple birth was the strongest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.37, 95% CI 4.35-15.87; P<0.001). Receiving prenatal care from a doctor was strongly protective and was associated with a 64% lower odds of death (aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25-0.52; P<0.001). Birth interval of at least 4 years, maternal age ≥35 years, and maternal digital connectivity were also associated with better survival.
Conclusion:
These findings highlight biological vulnerability and modifiable social determinants of child survival in Vietnam, supporting targeted interventions for high-risk births and equitable access to quality maternal and newborn care.
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