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Association between Circulating Interleukin-2 and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart
Chenyu Wang1, Gaoliang Yan1,2, Yuhan Qin1,2
1School of Medicine, Southeast University.
International Heart Journal
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Elevated interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are linked to worse outcomes. IL-2 offers additional prognostic value for risk stratification in ADHF patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Inflammation is key in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) pathogenesis.
- Circulating inflammatory cytokines are implicated in heart failure (HF) progression.
- The prognostic role of cytokines in ADHF outcomes is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between inflammatory cytokine levels and clinical outcomes in ADHF patients.
- To determine if interleukin-2 (IL-2) provides incremental prognostic information beyond established risk factors for 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Main Methods:
- 872 ADHF patients with 1-year follow-up were analyzed.
- Clinical data and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between patients with and without MACE.
- Multivariable Cox regression and reclassification analyses (NRI, IDI) assessed IL-2's prognostic value.
Main Results:
- Serum IL-2 levels were higher in patients with MACE.
- Log2-transformed IL-2 was independently associated with 1-year MACE (HR=1.212, P=0.001).
- Adding IL-2 to clinical risk models significantly improved MACE prediction (NRI=0.245, P=0.032; IDI=0.019, P=0.028).
Conclusions:
- Elevated IL-2 is independently associated with adverse 1-year outcomes in ADHF.
- IL-2 provides incremental prognostic information beyond conventional risk factors.
- IL-2 may aid in risk stratification for ADHF patients.
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