Incidental Detection of Ovarian Hyperstimulation on FDG PET/CT After Oocyte Retrieval in a Breast Cancer Patient

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a diagnostic pitfall that can mimic ovarian malignancy or peritoneal carcinomatosis on imaging. This is increasingly relevant as fertile cancer patients undergo fertility preservation before chemotherapy. I report a representative case of a breast cancer patient whose staging FDG PET/CT incidentally revealed bilateral polycystic ovarian enlargement show intense FDG uptake. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing clinical history and considering ovarian hyperstimulation in the differential diagnosis of adnexal FDG uptake to avoid misinterpreting benign, treatment-related processes as malignant disease.