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Enhancing the essential oil yield from rosemary leaves by solid-state fermentation: process optimization and
Wei Wang1, Zhuo Chen1, Zhijie Luo1
1Institute of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
Abstract:
To enhance the yield of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) essential oil (REO), solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a defined four-strain microbial consortium was applied and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in significant enhancing yield of REO, 58% increase compared to the control group. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed the main components of fermented REO were mainly terpenes and their derivatives, consistent with the control group. Fermented REO release mechanism was preliminarily investigated by studying the changes of key enzymes' content, the crude cellulose, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin content and the microstructure. These enzymes can provide favorable conditions for the release of free monoterpenes by disrupting the structural integrity of plant cell walls. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of SSF in enhancing the yield of REO, providing chemical and theoretical foundation for the utilization of fermented rosemary essential oil in food-related fields.
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