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Navigating Cancer Risk: A Grounded Theory of Culturally Anchored Risk Engagement (CARE) Behavior Among Sub-Saharan
Gladys B Asiedu1,2, Ernest Kaninjing3, Motolani Ogunsanya4
1Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. asiedu.gladys@mayo.edu.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Cultural beliefs significantly influence cancer-related health behaviors in Sub-Saharan African immigrant (SSAI) men. Understanding these culturally anchored risk perceptions is key to improving cancer prevention and early detection strategies for this population.
Area of Science:
- Health Behavior Research
- Sociocultural Determinants of Health
- Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
Background:
- Significant health disparities exist among immigrant communities in the U.S.
- Limited understanding of cultural factors influencing cancer health behaviors in Sub-Saharan African immigrant (SSAI) men.
- Need for research on preventive care and early cancer detection engagement among SSAI men.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore cultural beliefs and perceptions shaping cancer-related health behaviors among SSAI men in the U.S.
- To develop a theoretical framework explaining health decision-making processes in this demographic.
- To identify culturally nuanced approaches for improving health equity and early cancer detection.
Main Methods:
- Grounded theory approach utilizing in-depth interviews with 36 SSAI men.
- Purposeful sampling of men diagnosed (12) and not diagnosed (24) with prostate cancer.
- Inductive data analysis through open, axial, and selective coding with constant comparison.
Main Results:
- A conceptual framework, the Culturally Anchored Risk Engagement (CARE) Framework, was developed.
- Core cultural beliefs (roots) influence intermediary thought patterns (stems) and health behaviors (leaves).
- Key beliefs include diet-cancer links, culturally specific cancer understandings, low prioritization of prevention, spiritual framing, and delayed care-seeking.
Conclusions:
- The CARE Framework explains how SSAI men interpret cancer risk through cultural lenses.
- Culturally sensitive interventions are crucial for enhancing health equity and early detection.
- Centering community voices and cultural context is vital for effective healthcare strategies targeting SSAI men.
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