Enhancing seismic imaging via 5D regularization and interpolation: case study from Bazuzi Field, Sirte Basin, Libya

Area of Science:

• Geophysics
• Seismic Imaging
• Data Interpolation

Background:

• Irregular seismic data sampling and acquisition gaps degrade imaging resolution and fidelity.
• Aliasing, amplitude distortions, and migration artifacts hinder structural interpretation and reservoir characterization.
• Sparse sampling and irregular offset-azimuth coverage are common challenges in seismic data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate five-dimensional (5D) regularization and interpolation for reconstructing incomplete seismic datasets.
• To improve seismic imaging resolution and fidelity by addressing acquisition limitations.
• To enhance structural interpretation and reservoir characterization through advanced seismic data processing.

Main Methods:

• Application of 5D interpolation in the pre-stack domain (inline, crossline, offset, azimuth, time).
• Integration of data conditioning, Fourier-based interpolation, Radon transforms, and least-squares optimization.
• Comparative analysis between nominal and upsampled interpolated seismic grids.

Main Results:

• Upsampled interpolation significantly increased fold coverage and enhanced offset-azimuth sampling.
• 5D interpolation restored missing traces, preserved amplitude fidelity for AVO/AVA analysis, and suppressed acquisition footprints.
• Improved structural continuity, reduced migration artifacts, and increased signal-to-noise ratio were observed in processed seismic sections.

Conclusions:

• 5D regularization and interpolation effectively mitigate seismic acquisition limitations, enhancing imaging quality.
• The technique improves geological plausibility and kinematic consistency, crucial for reliable subsurface interpretation.
• 5D interpolation is poised to become essential for high-resolution subsurface interpretation and hydrocarbon exploration.