Compassion-based positive psychology group intervention (CB-PPGI) for individuals with personality disorders awaiting...

A compassion-based positive psychology group intervention (CB PPGI) is a promising approach to supporting personal recovery and mental wellbeing in individuals with severe mental health difficulties.

This mixed-methods study examined the preliminary outcomes and acceptability of an 8-week CB PPGI in 18 adults with personality disorders (PD) awaiting intensive treatment. Mental wellbeing, psychological distress, and personality functioning were assessed across five time points up to 3 months post-intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (n = 16, including dropouts) and therapists (n = 3) to evaluate acceptability.

Retention at the 3-month follow-up was 67% (12/18 participants). From baseline to follow-up, participation in the CB PPGI was associated with substantial reductions in psychological distress (BSI, d = -1.12) and improvements in personality functioning (SIPP-SF, d = 0.74). Positive mental health showed a moderate but non-significant increase over time (MHC-SF total score, d = 0.50). Emotional wellbeing improved significantly (d = 0.60), and psychological wellbeing showed a similar magnitude of improvement (d = 0.60), whereas social wellbeing did not (d = 0.22). Thematically analyzed qualitative interviews with participants (n = 16, including dropouts) and therapists (n = 3) indicated that the intervention was generally perceived as acceptable. The group format, strengths-based focus, and therapist support were particularly valued, although participants suggested improvements in pacing, session length, and content.

Overall, the CB PPGI appears to be an acceptable and potentially valuable strengths-based intervention for individuals with PD awaiting intensive treatment. However, conclusions regarding effectiveness are limited by the uncontrolled single-arm design. Further controlled studies with larger samples and extended follow-up periods are needed to evaluate effectiveness and broader feasibility.