A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Sustainable Synthesis of Bio-Based Furanic Compounds Via Chemical,...

With the global population growth and the accelerating industrialization process, the demand for chemical intermediates and basic chemicals has been continuously rising. Against this backdrop, the conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into high-value platform molecules has emerged as a strategic direction for achieving carbon neutrality and biorefining. This review systematically explores the synthetic routes of bio-based furan compounds (especially furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and furfurylamine) and their recent industrial and technological advancements. By in-depth analysis of the microscopic deconstruction mechanisms of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, this report elaborates on the chemical evolution process from polysaccharide degradation to furan ring formation, and highlights the outstanding performance of combinatorial catalysis, especially chemoenzymatic catalysis methods, in improving reaction selectivity. Meanwhile, the report also integrates the crucial role of emerging green solvent systems, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) in suppressing corrosion and side reactions. Finally, an in-depth study is conducted on the synthesis of furan products driven by AI and computer simulation. This review aims to provide researchers and industrial decision-makers with in-depth insights into the bio-based furan value chain, identify technological bottlenecks, and point out the future path towards a low-carbon chemical industry.