Infection Prevention and Management in Patients Living With Multiple Myeloma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology

Background:

• Modern multiple myeloma (MM) therapies, including quadruplet regimens and T-cell immunotherapies, have transformed patient outcomes.
• However, these treatments induce significant immune compromise, increasing susceptibility to infections.
• Infection remains a primary cause of mortality and morbidity in MM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the complexities of infection in MM patients.
• To define the critical role of nurses in early infection detection and management.
• To emphasize how nursing interventions can enhance patient longevity and well-being.

Main Methods:

• This study employed a narrative review methodology.
• It synthesized current literature on infection risk factors in MM.
• It highlighted updated prevention and management strategies relevant to nursing practice.

Main Results:

• Key infection risk factors include MM-induced immune dysfunction, renal failure, comorbidities, and treatment-related immunosuppression or cytopenias.
• Oncology nurses can mitigate infection risks through education, structured care transitions, and strong patient-nurse relationships.
• These nursing actions foster competence, support autonomy, and maintain connection, crucial for managing infection risks.

Conclusions:

• Nurses are essential in managing infection risks in MM patients undergoing advanced therapies.
• Proactive nursing interventions are key to improving survival and quality of life for MM patients.
• A comprehensive nursing approach addressing patient education, care coordination, and therapeutic relationships is vital.