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Implemented but Invisible: Documentation of Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) Components in
Mercy C Kalu1, Jenny Kwon2, Awa Jallow1
1Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|August 5, 2026
Summary
Documentation of the Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) program in nursing home care plans was inconsistent. Strengthening documentation can improve accountability and sustainability of psychosocial interventions in long-term care settings.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Health Services Research
- Nursing
Background:
- Care plans are crucial for guiding nursing home resident care, staff training, and regulatory compliance.
- Integrating evidence-based psychosocial interventions into care plans ensures their sustainability and full implementation.
- The Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) program aims to enhance psychosocial well-being in nursing home residents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the documentation of eligibility criteria and core components of the IPPI program within nursing home resident care plans.
- To determine the extent to which the IPPI program was formally integrated into routine care documentation.
Main Methods:
- A content analysis was performed on 21 deidentified resident care plans from 7 nursing homes.
- Care plans were examined for mentions of resident eligibility (mood/behaviors), IPPI components (emotion-focused communication, resident preferences, one-to-one activities), and the IPPI program name.
Main Results:
- Eligibility criteria were documented in all 21 care plans (186 instances).
- IPPI components, including emotion-focused communication (172 instances) and resident preferences (156 instances), were frequently documented.
- One-to-one activities were documented less frequently (19 instances), and the IPPI program was named only once.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent documentation of IPPI-specific language in care plans indicates a missed opportunity for formalizing intervention delivery.
- Enhanced care plan documentation is essential for accountability and the long-term sustainability of psychosocial interventions.
- Improving documentation practices is particularly important in nursing home settings with high staff turnover.
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