Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Landscape of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: from mechanisms to management

Ya Pan1, Xueli Cheng1, Feng Tang2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child HealthCare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants stems from complex prenatal and postnatal factors. Current treatments focus on supportive care, with a need for targeted therapies to improve long-term outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants.
  • BPD leads to significant respiratory and neurodevelopmental issues, impacting long-term health.
  • Despite advances in neonatal care, BPD remains a major cause of morbidity in extremely preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the pathophysiology, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies for BPD.
  • To synthesize findings from recent literature on BPD management.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and future research directions for BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase.
  • Inclusion of English-language studies published up to 2025, including original studies, reviews, and meta-analyses.
  • Narrative synthesis of relevant findings on BPD pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • BPD is a multifactorial disorder involving impaired alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development due to prenatal and postnatal injuries.
  • Key pathogenic pathways include oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated angiogenesis, and abnormal tissue repair.
  • Preventive and therapeutic strategies include lung-protective ventilation, surfactant therapy, caffeine, cautious corticosteroid use, and nutritional support, though targeted therapies are limited.

Conclusions:

  • BPD results from complex interactions between developmental immaturity and injurious exposures.
  • Improved understanding of disease mechanisms and risk stratification can enhance prevention and early intervention.
  • Future research should prioritize targeted therapies to improve short- and long-term outcomes for preterm infants with BPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiachronic lung disease of prematuritylunglung diseaselung injury

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