Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Mothers', Self-Efficacy, and Maternal Attachment Levels: A Randomized...

The postpartum period is critical for maintaining breastfeeding and developing maternal attachment. Stress and emotional difficulties may adversely affect breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal bonding. This study examined the effects of progressive relaxation exercises (PRE) on breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding attitudes, and maternal attachment.

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted at Uşak Dikilitaş Family Health Center between May and November 2022. Using non-probability sampling, 114 postpartum breastfeeding mothers were recruited and randomly assigned to PRE, relaxation background music (RBM), and control groups. The PRE group performed relaxation exercises three times weekly for 4 weeks, while the RBM group listened to relaxation music with the same frequency and duration. The control group received routine postpartum care. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, Maternal Attachment Inventory, Breastfeeding Classification Form, and Intervention Satisfaction Assessment Form. Analyses included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA.

Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores increased significantly in the PRE and RBM groups. At the second follow-up, scores were 63.57 ± 0.82 (PRE), 48.81 ± 1.43 (RBM), and 47.36 ± 1.69 (control) (F = 42.782; p < 0.001). At the third follow-up, scores were 67.63 ± 0.60, 51.05 ± 1.51, and 47.81 ± 1.92, respectively (F = 53.289; p < 0.001). Maternal attachment scores were highest in the PRE group (101.57 ± 0.82, 97.89 ± 1.40, and 94.28 ± 1.72; p < 0.001).

PRE improved breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal attachment, suggesting that this practical intervention may enhance postpartum care.