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Galectin-3 in Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Yujia Zhou1, Yaobin Liang1, Zonglin Shen1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dongguan Hospital, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong, China.

Journal of Nephrology
|August 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) predicts cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) incidence and mortality in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Elevated Gal-3 levels are linked to increased risks for CRS, HF, and CKD mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is implicated in cellular processes including adhesion, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune responses.
  • Conflicting findings exist regarding the role of Gal-3 in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a predictor for cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) subtypes and mortality.
  • To clarify the association between serum Gal-3 levels and outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI) up to March 1, 2026.
  • Included studies were observational and investigated serum Gal-3 levels in relation to CRS incidence, HF mortality, CKD mortality, and all-cause mortality in CRS patients.

Main Results:

  • High Gal-3 levels significantly predicted incident heart failure (HF) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (HR: 1.19) and all-cause mortality in CKD patients (HR: 2.45).
  • Elevated Gal-3 levels in HF patients were associated with a higher risk of CRS occurrence (OR: 1.12) and predicted all-cause mortality (HR: 1.55).
  • Two studies indicated a significant association between Gal-3 and all-cause mortality in CRS patients.

Conclusions:

  • Galectin-3 (Gal-3) may serve as a significant predictor for the incidence of Type 2 and Type 4 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).
  • Gal-3 is a potential prognostic biomarker for mortality risk in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Gal-3 is associated with all-cause mortality in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiorenal SyndromeGalectin-3Meta-analysis

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