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Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Pain and Anxiety in Outpatient Gynecologic Procedures: A Systematic Review
Tuğba Öz1, Rüveyda Ölmez Yalazı2, Nurdan Demirci3
1Istanbul Beykent University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Summary
Virtual Reality (VR) significantly reduces pain and anxiety during gynecological procedures. This non-pharmacological intervention enhances patient satisfaction and procedural tolerance, offering a valuable alternative to traditional care.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Digital Therapeutics
- Pain Management
Background:
- Outpatient gynecological procedures can cause significant pain and anxiety.
- Non-pharmacological interventions are sought to improve patient experience.
- Virtual Reality (VR) offers potential for psychological immersion and distraction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of VR for pain and anxiety reduction in women undergoing outpatient gynecological procedures.
- To evaluate VR's impact on patient satisfaction and procedural tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2014 and March 2026.
- Assessment of methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.
Main Results:
- 11 RCTs (n=1,222) were included, focusing on procedures like office hysteroscopy and IUD insertion.
- VR significantly reduced pain scores (P < .0001) and anxiety levels compared to standard care.
- High heterogeneity was noted, but VR consistently improved patient satisfaction and tolerance, with a strong preference for future use.
Conclusions:
- VR is an effective digital therapeutic adjunct for office gynecologic procedures.
- VR reduces procedural pain and anxiety, improves satisfaction, and enhances tolerance through immersion and distraction.
- Integrating VR into perioperative protocols can improve outcomes and patient comfort without pharmacological side effects.
