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Multi-Environment Multi-Locus Association Mapping Reveals Genomic Regions for Drought-Related Traits in Tropical
Carina de Oliveira Anoni1, Kaio Olímpio das Graças Dias2, Martin Boer3
1Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Identifying genetic markers for drought tolerance in tropical maize is crucial for improving crop yields. This study used multi-environment GWAS to find genomic regions associated with drought resistance, revealing novel candidate genes for breeding programs.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Genetics
- Plant Breeding
Background:
- Maize grain yield is significantly impacted by water scarcity, especially in tropical regions with unpredictable rainfall.
- Understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance is complex due to strong environmental influences on trait expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify genomic regions associated with drought-related traits in tropical maize using a multi-environment, multi-locus genome-wide association study (MEML-GWAS).
- To uncover novel genetic factors contributing to drought resilience in maize breeding programs.
Main Methods:
- A panel of 190 tropical maize inbred lines was genotyped using 500,108 GBS-derived SNPs.
- Testcross hybrids were evaluated across two years and two locations in Brazil under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.
- Traits analyzed included grain yield, flowering time, and plant/ear height.
Main Results:
- Drought stress reduced grain yield by ~50% and increased anthesis-silking interval by ~2 days.
- 179 significant SNP-trait associations were detected, with 166 showing significant environment interactions.
- Novel candidate genes, including GRMZM2G159125 (phospholipase D), were identified for drought adaptation.
Conclusions:
- MEML-GWAS effectively identified genomic regions associated with drought tolerance in tropical maize.
- Several novel genetic loci and candidate genes, such as GRMZM2G159125, show potential for enhancing drought resilience in maize breeding.
- The findings provide valuable genetic resources for developing climate-resilient tropical maize varieties.
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