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Zinc Nanoparticles (Zn-NPs): Advances in Bio/Synthesis, Properties, Multifunctional Roles, and Toxicity-A 2025 Update
Nehal Samdani1, Suraj N Mali2, Gerald Lushington3
1Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
Abstract:
Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) are well-known versatile nanomaterials with a wide range of applications across diverse fields. Often, they range from ≈ 1 to 100 nm and have superior surface reactivity and excellent optical properties. Extensive research has demonstrated that these nanoparticles offer several advantages in fields such as medicinal applications, organic synthesis, agricultural applications, drug delivery, textile coatings, and food technology. Green synthesis of Zn-NPs offers several advantages, such as environmentally benign, cost-effective routes and improved bioactivity. This review summarizes recent papers (mostly from 2010 to 2025, extracted from Scopus/Web of Science/Google Scholar) on synthesis methodologies, characterization techniques, and emerging applications of various Zn-NPs, providing insights that support future innovations and the safe integration of Zn-NPs into varied systems.
