Ethical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine for Obesity Management

Artificial intelligence (AI) has established itself as a key tool in the development of precision medicine, offering opportunities to improve risk prediction, early diagnosis, and personalized treatments for obesity. However, its implementation poses ethical challenges that cannot be ignored. The use of sensitive data such as genetic, metabolic, and behavioral information raises questions about privacy, security, and informed consent. Furthermore, the existence of algorithmic biases can reproduce inequities and limit the validity of models in diverse populations, particularly in low-resource settings. Another critical aspect is the lack of transparency in many AI systems, whose operation as "black boxes" makes it difficult to interpret their recommendations and weakens trust between professionals and patients. Legal accountability for errors in clinical decision-making, limited accessibility of high-cost technologies, and the imperative to respect patient autonomy and cultural context highlight the urgency of establishing a clear and enforceable ethical framework. This narrative review analyzes the main ethical dilemmas associated with the use of AI in precision medicine for obesity, highlighting challenges related to equity, transparency, social justice, and clinical accountability. The need for responsible technological development is raised, ensuring respect for patients' rights and promoting equitable use of these innovative tools in addressing one of the most complex and prevalent diseases worldwide.